The May 1, 1997 Oregonian, unknown to me, juxtaposed
my op-ed response to the forest health plan against one on forest
fire by an industry forester, adding bold caps and a provocative
pictue of a crowning fire. Had I known they were going to do
this, I would have focused my dialogue on a "logging will
not stop fire" discourse.
Noelle Colby-Rotell of Prairie Wood Products
made a lot of claims that beg for refute. I can't fire the first
return, but here's a chance for the Eastside forest conservation
movement to move the dialogue forward. Her fire "facts"
and assumption that logging will fire proof Eastside forests is
wide open for countering, as are the economics of logging and
supporting the local timber industry at federal expense. Perhaps
you can get one of the big guns at the Wilderness Society or National
Wildlife Federation that's involved in the Eastside process to
set the issue straight in a timely manner!
I wrote one on fire earlier in the Oregonian and anyone responding should
freely reuse any part of it that might help:
Forests, Fires and Logging
by Roy Keene
Out of the ashes of the seasonal fire frenzy,
the forest health "crisis" has re-emerged. Some politicians,
scientists and forest managers are insisting that more logging
will fix what they perceive as an unhealthy forest by mimicking
the effects of fire.
Forest life spans and cycles continue for centuries,
while human lives are measured in decades. It seems a bit precocious
for managers and scientists to look at the forest through their
narrow window in time and announce that the forest is critically
unhealthy because it appears to be temporarily out of balance.
Fire, insects, and pathogens at various times and intensities
are not a "crisis," but rather vital parts of the normal
forest life cycle of Western forests. In the absence of fire
(nature's "reset button"), insects and pathogens often
work together like "slow fire" to restart forest succession
or reduce the density of overstocked stands. The scale of their
interaction within the forest ecosystem is affected (but not necessarily
controlled) by climate changes, existing forest conditions, local
weather patterns, and ongoing human manipulation.
Natural fires, if allowed to burn in the uninhabited
realms of our national forests, will not cost taxpayers the hundreds
of millions of dollars a year that public logging currently does.
In national parks and wilderness areas, fires often burn themselves
out without intervention unless they threaten other ownerships
or human lives. Fire, like logging, may provide temporary employment,
but, unlike logging, does not build roads, remove all the trees
from a site, compact soils, or permanently reduce biological diversity.
Fire did not eradicate the valuable Western White Pine, logged
to remnants and then fatally infected with blister rust from imported
and replanted seedlings. Fire has not, over time, methodically
decimated forest watersheds. If there is a forest health crisis,
a good part of it is due to excessive logging. The most "successful"
national forest management might be to retire the Forest Service
from an incredibly inefficient career of logging and re-establish
our heritage lands to their original status as reserves.
In 1871 in the Great Lakes region, a huge holocaust
fueled by excessive logging debris burned one million acres and
killed several thousand people. The 1910 fire complex that burned
3,000,000 acres in the Northern Rockies occurred in less dense
forest conditions then unaffected by fire suppression.significant
changes in fire policy and logging practices, more logging could
simply result in further forest health deterioration.During Renaissance
times, climates were cooler, fires were less frequent, and the
forest was, at times, probably as dense as it is today. The assumption
that logging will counteract a conflagration by reducing forest
density and restoring healthy forest equilibrium is naive.
While the uncontrollable fires of 1910 were
burning, a controversy over the use of controlled fire smoldered
in Northern California. Lumber men and ranchers were trying to
convince the Forest Service that controlled burning would maintain
healthy forest conditions in pine and mixed-conifer forests by
reducing density. Agency managers and scientists, realizing that
thinner forest stands would grow less trees and result in lower
harvest levels, shrewdly resisted the controlled burn proposal
and instituted the fire prevention and control program we have
inherited today. This program enjoys a virtually unlimited budget
and, in return, offers only limited capabilities for saving forests
or lives from fire. It also results in a more dense and what
some might call an "unhealthy" forest. It seems capricious
to continue in this expensive and seemingly futile management
scheme while simultaneously attempting to mitigate its impacts.
If taxpayers are to continue to subsidize federal
forestry, management "success" should be more than a
measure of how many fires we throw money and lives into or how
many logs we extract. To achieve success and public trust, the
Forest Service should renew its mission and begin to prudently
restore and maintain America's national forests. Restoration
and ecosystem maintenance imply allowing fire, insects, and pathogens
to interact as part of the natural forest cycle. Congress should
empower a period of restoration by refocusing the Forest Service
budget on the number of acres cared for rather than timber volumes
produced. If there is a forest health crisis today, it is action
based on the short-term, self-serving forest values manifested
by those who fail to see public forests as a trust to be kept
functional and intact for future generations of all species,
including humans.
Roy Keene is a private forestry consultant and the founder of the Public Forestry Foundation, a group of public interest foresters and scientists based in Eugene, Oregon.