Biological Influence

[39:00] This is a 1960's book that my Ph.D. studied at Iowa State University and it's actually an article about nuclear quadrapole moment and nuclear quadrapole moment spectroscopy. They actually find that by applying these 800,000 gauss magnetic fields that they could cause the nucleus to spin flip to the high-spin state. And then when they release these fields they read the resonance that comes out of the nucleus as the nucleus drops back down to the low spin state. Now this was discovered in the 1960's, but if you have to keep 800,000 gauss applied to this nucleus to keep it in the high-spin state, you know, it's a tremendous amount of energy. But what they found, is they found a phenomena, and I want you to read this.

"There is another effect called spin-spin or transverse relaxation operative in solids. This involves transfer of energy from one high energy nucleus to another. There is no net loss of energy." There is no net loss of energy in the transfer of energy from one high-spin nucleus to the other high-spin nucleus. Now they've know this since the 1960's, but if it takes 700,000 gauss to keep these nucleuses in the high-spin state, so what if energy flows from one to the next with no push. I mean you got more energy here than it takes to push energy all across the country on a wire, so, big deal. It's one of those esoteric things. But if they could ever get nuclei that would go in a high-spin state and stay in the high-spin state, then you should have a superconductor.

Now let's go back to the first paper I had you take off, the first one I told you to save (talking to projector operator).

[41:04] Okay, "Quantum size effects in rapidly rotating nuclei". April of 1990. This is the Niels Bohr Institute, Physical Review C, Volume 41, Number 4 [pp. 1865-1868]. Here it is, the whole story, they finally put it down in print and admitted this was what they were chasing; these high-spin nuclei. What they are talking about is, "In the nuclear case," I'll start reading right here, "a variety of symmetries are spontaneously broken. In particular rotational and gauge invariance as testified by the occurrence of families of collective excitations displaying rotational relationships for the different observables." Skipping on down here, "It has been conjectured the usual Cooper instability...", now for those of you who don't know what Cooper instabilities means, they gave a Nobel Prize to Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer [John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer], who worked for GE. It was the theory of superconductivity. And "Cooper pairs" are when a time foreword electron pairs with a time reverse electron, it's spin 1/2 and spin 1/2. But spin 1/2 plus spin 1/2 is spin 1, and now both particles become pure light with no particles. There's no particle aspect anymore, it's light. Okay?

Here it is, right here. The "Cooper instability will not exist anymore in small particles containing a reduced number of fermions, like e.g., metallic particles. Therefore superconductivity should disappear for particles in the quantal size effects (QSE) regime, when the energy differs between two discrete one-electron states is comparable to the energy gap of the superconducting state." Anyway it goes on to describe the physics. That's why in 1988 when I filed my patents, I filed 11 patents on the monoatomic state and I filed another 11 patents on the "many-atom system" and it requires a minimum number of atoms, and they actually, in their paper theorize, that the, ah, they're coming up with a number here, 10 to the 4th to 10 to the 5th electrons. I didn't say how many nuclei had to be there, how many atoms had to be there to be a superconductor, but it was a "many-atom system". And each atom contains many of these electron pairs on it, so, you know, it takes a certain minimum number, several hundreds of atoms, before you have a superconductivity. The word "superconductivity" is like the word "army", you can't have a one man army. It's a contradiction in terms. By definition the word superconductor is a many atom system. Just like the word metal, you can't have an atom be a metal. The word metal has certain characteristics, the word superconductivity has certain characteristics and so you can't have a single atom be a superconductor. It can have all the properties of a superconductor but it takes a certain number of atoms resonance coupled to become a superconductor. I hope I'm not losing people here in this, you know, I'm trying to make it as understandable as I can. Right there they're saying what it's all about. This is what this.... all this interest of all these national laboratories in this form of matter is. Because theoretical they should be a superconductor and they know it. This is the high-spin state of matter. Next paper. Let's go to the one, the other one you stuck off down there. (audience question) Yes ma'am. Any patent on superconductivity has to be cleared for worldwide issuance by the Department of Defense. (Question - Do you think that's what started the research in these papers that suddenly came out after you filed your patent?) No, I just think it's time. I just think there's all this information coming, if you haven't figured it out yet, this is the explanation for cold fusion. Ha-ha. It all of a sudden begins to dawn -- palladium, high-spin state, inter nuclear energy, golly, you know. Ah, Pons and Fleischmann just haven't been doing their physics, they've been doing too much chemistry.

[45:18] This is a paper that is, it's Physical Review Letters, Volume 62, Number 10, March 1989, March 6, 1989 [Direct Mapping of Adatom-Adatom Interactions, pp. 1146-1149], and if you raise it up just a little bit, 1776 vaporizations of iridium atoms onto a super-cooled tungsten plate. And, you know, people study the darndest things, these scientists study the most esoteric things. But they're putting, 1776 times they vaporized atoms onto this tungsten plate and they measured where the atoms arranged themselves. Now they didn't realize the importance of what they were doing. But they find here, and my copying job isn't real good so I'm going to walk over again. All of these lines that run up are the light colored lines and all these that run down are the dark colored lines. These are the three dimensions, one, two and three. This is the way the graph reads. Now what they found is that the iridium atoms were arranging themselves at about two of these quadrants from each other. This big long black line. That basically the atoms attract from a long ways away up to that point and then they're repulsed, the lines go, they're not ever found in those locations. So what they found is that the iridium atoms, you see these quadrants are 3.17 angstroms in dimension, so there's 1, 2 quadrants here. So they found that the atoms were arranging themselves at about 6.3 angstroms apart. Okay? They weren't arranging themselves hardly at all in this dimension, they weren't arranging themselves hardly at all in this dimension, they were arranging themselves basically in this dimension, but at specific distances apart.

And their conclusion was that it's like there's a Coulomb wave that comes off of the atom. This atom is in a high-spin state, they didn't know that, but it's actually out of balance and instead of resonating in 3 dimensions it's only resonating in 2 dimensions, and it's got a Coulomb wave, a wave that it produces. The next atom gets into that wave and cannot get closer than that last wave coming off the atom and so it's repulsed. But in the bottom of the wave it's attracted and so at about 6.3 angstroms, the next iridium atom will nestle in that wave and perpetuates the wave, and the next iridium atom will nestle in that wave and perpetuate the wave. Now what they did is they heated and cooled the sample. They let it go to room temperature and then they re-cooled it and let it go to room temperature and what happens is that the atoms will arrange themselves in this perfect, about 6.3 angstrom spacing, in two dimensions. Not in 3 dimensions. In two dimensions, like a long chain. Now in a metal the atoms bind at about 1.8 angstroms, that's when they're sharing electrons. This is out at 6.3 angstroms, so there's no electrons being shared, there's no crystalline energy, there's no chemical energy, but the atom is way the heck and gone out there at about 6.3 angstroms, but it's bound in the resonance wave. And so these atoms literally, by repeated heating and cooling, will arrange themselves at precisely 6.3 angstroms in two dimensions, like a chain. And this atom makes a wave, this atom next nestles in the wave and perpetuates the wave, the next atom nestles in the wave and perpetuates the wave, the next atom nestles in the wave and perpetuates the wave, and literally you get a resonance coupled system of quantum oscillators resonating in two dimensions. These are bound atoms, resonance coupled, oscillating in two dimensions. And it's a bosonic phenomena, it has Cooper pairs.

Now what happens is the individual atoms, when it goes to the high-spin state, and this is going to be a little technical, bear with me. In a normal atom, around the nucleus, there is what's called a positive screening potential that exists around the nucleus and this positive screening potential screens all of the inner electrons and only the valence electrons, the ones on the outside, are available for chemical bonding, these are not screened, they're called valence electrons. When the nucleus goes to the high-spin state that positive screening potential expands out and overlies all of the electron orbitals and all of the electrons become screened.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>end of quote<<<<<<<<<<<<<